EH+Chapter+8

· About twenty thousand Minute Men arrived to Boston in 1775. · Second Continental Congress on May 10, 1775. All thirteen colonies were represented. · Congress drafted new appeals to Britain. · They anticipated rebuttal from Britain and began to raise money to create an army and navy. · Congress chose George Washington to lead the army because of his patience, courage, self-discipline, and sense of justice. People trusted him. He declined pay. · He was mainly chosen for political reasons. It made sense to choose him because he was from Virginia, the largest and most populous colony. · Colonists flip flopped between mending relations with the king and killing his men. · May 1775, Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold capture British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in New York. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">June 1775 Colonists seized Breeds Hill (Bunker Hill). ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Three waves of British tried to storm the hill but the colonists continually slaughtered them. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Colonists had to give up the hill because their ammunition was running out. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">July 1775 Continental Congress adopted “Olive Branch Petition” ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Olive Branch Petition professed American loyalty to Britain and begged the king to prevent further hostilities. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">King laughed at this and sent more troops to America. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">August 1775, King George III claimed the colonies were rebelling. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">King hired Germans to fight his rebellious colonists. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Colonists called the European fighters Hessians because the Germans came from Hesse. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Hessians were attracted to promised land and money from Britain. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">October 1775, British burned Falmouth (Portland), Maine. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assault on Quebec on December 31, 1775. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">January 1776, British burn Norfolk, Virginia. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Many colonists did not want independence because they felt they were still part of the British community. Gradually, because of the burning of towns and harsh acts, they realized they needed independence. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1776, Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense that sells 120,000 copies after a few months. “Why does the planet have to be governed by the satellite?” ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Paine believed in republican society where everyone voiced their opinions. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee argued to the Philadelphia Congress that colonies needed to be free. This was adopted by the congress on July 2, 1776. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Declaration of Independence was not necessary in declaring separation from Britain. It was used to ally Massachusetts with the other colonies in separating from Britain. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration which was approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It was used to tell what Britain had done and why the colonists were seeking separation. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Patriots fought Loyalists and British redcoats for independence. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Patriots began discriminating the Loyalists and even jailed and hung some. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">July 1776 = thirty five thousand British off New York. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dec. 26, 1776, Washington crossed the Delaware and captured a thousand Hessians. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">General Burgoyne pushed down through Lake Champlain. General Howe would push in New York to take the Hudson River valley in 1777. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Burgoyne began his invasion with 7000 men. Howe wanted to destroy Washington’s army before he started up the Hudson River in order to leave a path for Burgoyne. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Washington was defeated twice in Philadelphia as Howe took it over. Washington settled his men at Valley Forge for the winter. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Burgoyne was forced to surrender his army to Horatio Gates of America on Oct. 17, 1777. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Colonists wanted to ally with France to fight Britain. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Continental Congress sent out a “Model Treaty” to France in summer of 1776 for commercial connection. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Feb. 6, 1778, France offered colonies a treaty of alliance. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Spain and Holland entered the war against Britain in 1779. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">War was being fought in South America, Caribbean, and Asia. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">From 1778 to 1783, France provided America with guns, money, equipment, and a half of America’s regular armed forces. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">June 1778, redcoats attacked by Washington at Monmouth, New Jersey. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Benedict Arnold plotted with the British to sell out West Point. The plot was discovered and he fled to Britain. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Government was basically bankrupt. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">French admiral de Grasse joined Washington on an assault against Cornwallis at Yorktown. De Grasse took charge of the sea while Washington took the land. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Cornwallis surrendered all of his men on Oct. 19, 1781. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">After Yorktown, many British were ready for the war to end but King George III wanted to continue. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">France wanted America to keep the new Republic east of the Allegheny thinking that “a weak America would be better for promoting French interests and policy.” ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Preliminary treaty of peace was signed with Britain in 1782 with the final peace 1783. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Treaty of Paris of 1783, British recognized independence of the United States. Granted generous boundaries.