JC+Chapter+One+Notes

Chapter One -6000 years ago, recorded history began in West, Middle East developed written culture. -500 yrs ago Europeans came to Americas -All continents were once connected; they drifted apart and formed mountains by shifting -Ice age covered parts of Europe, Asia, and northern North America with 2 mile thick pieces of ice (2 million years ago.) -Glaciers created lakes. Most lakes drain into rivers and oceans. -Lake Bonneville evaporated and left Great Salt Lake in Utah -People crossed Bering land bridge during ice age for 250 centuries -By 1492 about 54 million people were in the Americas. -2,000 different languages made religion, culture, and ways of life. -Maize was main staple in Mexico for about 20 million people. -Corn reached America about 1,200B.C. -Pueblo people made irrigation system to water corn -All ancient cultures began to fall 1,300AD maybe because of a drought -1492 4 million Native Americans in North America -Things from East (like spices) expensive in Europe because of travel. -1450 Portuguese found ways to sail north from Africa on caravels and sailing towards the Azores so the wind would bring them -Southern Africa was unreachable because of Sahara Desert. -Portuguese set up trading posts for gold and slaves, broke people up from tribes just like the Arabs (who had slaves already) -1488 Dias went around Africa. 10 years later, reached India and brought back spices and jewels. -Spain wanted to out do Portugal. Looked westward since they could not use African coast. -Renaissance in 14th century brought optimism -Printing presses (1450) spread knowledge throughout Europe. -Mariners compass brought sense of direction and eliminated some guessing. -October 12, 1492 Christopher Columbus and crew landed in Bahamas -Europeans and Americans traded diseases that killed thousands (Native Americans-syphilis, Europeans-small pox) -Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Spain-New World Portugal-Asia and Africa and Brazil -1519 Magellan started from Spain, went around South America, killed by Philippinos. One ship came back 1522 (1st circumnavigation of globe) -1540-1542 Francisco Cornado Discovered Grand Canyon, CO River, bison -1539-1542 Hernando de Soto looked for gold and mistreated Indians, he died on trip -Pizarro crushed Incas 1532. Spanish tried to “christianize” but it was more like slavery -Spanish brought horses, cows, and pigs for corn, potatoes and other crops. -Cortes rescued 2 Indian slaves. He had power (11ships and 16 horses) and translators. He became friends with Aztecs then wanted gold. Aztecs grew suspicious and annoyed and ran them out -Small pox killed 18 million people in less than one century. Spanish built Christian cathedrals after ruining temples -In Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, 300,000 people in 10 sq. mi. -Aztecs ran Cortes out June 30, 1520. Cortes captured city August 13, 1521 -Mestizos-people of Indian and European harritage -Universities in Mexico City and Lima Peru opened in 1551 -1497-1498 John Cabot (English) explored North East coast of North America -St. Augustine, FL 1565- oldest continually inhabited settlement in U.S. -Battle of Acoma 1599, Spanish severed one foot of each survivor -Founded Santa Fe 1610 new mexico-1609 -Popes Rebellion 1680-Pueblo destroyed every Catholic church and killed priests -1769 Spanish made 2 missions in CA -Many people thought “black legend”