TP+Chapter+8

Chapter 8 1. Congress Drafts George Washington - George Washington is from Virginia. Good idea to make him leader because Virginia is the first colony and has a lot of power - has good leadership - everyone trusted him 2. Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings - April 1775-July 1775 - two sides were at war - one side wanted independence (Patriots) - other side wanted to work things out with Britain (Loyalists) - Bunker hill were the colonist set up camp watching over the British in Ma.  -after three tries, Britain successfully took over Bunker hill but found nothing - the colonists retreated back - July 1775 is when the Continental Congress created “Olive Branch Petition” - the congress wanted peace -King George III heard about it and said no  - he sent over troops and started to cause another war 3. The Abortive Conquest of Canada - Britain wanted to take over Canada and add a 14th colony -failed -many other wars vs. Britain were going on in Boston and North Carolina 4. Thomas Paine Preaches common sense - at first Britain was mother country - Thomas Paine was a nobody - created common sense -appealed to common people about independence and how they needed to fight back now and will be fine on their own 5. Paine and the idea of “Republicanism” - wanted new creation of society (republic) - power came from people - all high powered people needed consent from commoners - “virtue” fundamental is when people sacrifice their self-interest for the public good - everyone was treated the same no matter how much money 6. Jefferson’s “Explanation” of independence -Philadelphia Congress wanted free and independent states - formally known as the declaration of Independence - this declaration was the final cut to all British ties - Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776 7. Patriots and Loyalists - loyalists (loyal to the king of Britain) - rich people - patriots (loyal to America) - commoners 8. The Loyalist Exodus - loyalists were evicted out of houses -driven out of cities 9. General Washington at Bay - left Boston for New York in 1776 - king sent British troops - Washington outnumbered during Battle of Long Island - managed to escape to Manhattan Island and then crossed the Delaware 10. Burgoyne’s blundering invasion - three British troops were to meet up and attack Washington - Burgoyne’s troops came from Quebec and attempted the plan twice -on the second time they succeeded but the other troops waiting attacked Philadelphia -Burgoyne had to surrender because of militiamen surrounding him in October 17, 1777 in Saratoga to General Huratio Gates - Capture helped ensure American independence and gained help from France 11. Revolution in Diplomacy - America wanted to end colonialism and mercantilism - now a world war not revolutionary war 12. The colonial war becomes a wider war - 1779 Holland and Spain join against Britain - Russia was now involved and started a war in Europe 13. Blow and Counterblow - General Benedict Arnold turned to Britain’s side and told them plans -caught just in time and plan failed 14. The land frontier and the sea frontier - West was not involved until chief Brant spoke -sided with Britain because they thought Britain would prevent colonists from moving westward - neither side gave up (Britain or American) 15. Peace of Paris - Britain was falling apart - George III ruling was ended - 3 Americans met in Paris to discuss Treaty - Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay - Treaty of Paris 1783 -gave independence to America