TP+Chapter+1

Chapter 1 1. The Shaping of North America - the continents began to take shape 225 million years ago - the first North American landmass is the Canadian shield - the landscape was formed by glaciers that melted away 100,000 years ago 2. Peopling the Americans - people came over by foot during the ice age - people migrated when the water level was low and bridges were formed by the land 3. The earliest Americans - corn was a popular thing to grow - many scientists, archeologists, and mathematicians became well known and helped with the growing of corn by creating intricate irrigation systems (made by Pueblo’s) - many Indian tribes formed such as the Iroquois and Cherokee - the women took care of farming, while the men plowed fields, hunted, and fished - the Indians preferred forests, so a lot of the North American land was undiscovered until 1492 when European settlers came over - the women held the power and possession in most cultures 4. Indirect Discoverers of the New World - Present day New Foundland was originally named Vineland by Scandinavians because of its abundance in wild grapes - North America was not discovered by the Europeans for many years. They first discovered Asia and Africa - the new discoverers within the countries, broadened the culture of the European people - the demand for all the new supplies were expensive and forced the Europeans to find a new trade route from Asia. 5. Europeans Enter Africa - Marco Polo’s retold adventures created desires for a cheaper trade route - sailors in the 15th century would not sail south because of winds - 1450 new route and new ship takes them Northwest - South Africa was not discovered until the new trade was created - Portuguese’s sold gold and slaves - end of the 15th century 40,000 slaves traded -1488 dark tip discovered and 1498 India was discovered - Ferdinand and Isabella became rulers of Spain 6. Columbus comes upon a New World - sailed with 3 ships to the Bahamas in 1492 - the new sighted land is known as the “New World” - known as the most successful failure in history - when people tried to travel his route they would hit a giant barrier with no way around it  - after 1492 the individual continents of Europe, Africa, and 2 more lands were declared - his voyage changed the world for better or for worse 7. When Worlds Collide -tomatoes and tobacco and new animals were found after 1492 that revolutionized the international economy -Columbus planted sugar canes that started a new “sugar revolution” - Europeans brought over diseases - Spanish came over and 90% of the Indians died from the diseases - cultures and ancient life gone forever 8. The Spanish Conquistadores -Treaty of Tordessillas (1494) divided Portugal and the “heathen lands” - heathen lands is an area filled with gold and silver - 1500’s Spain leading country in exploring and colonizing power - Spanish conquistadores searched the Caribbean for discoveries - conquistadores passed Mississippi river, Gran Canyon, and walked across the while country - government created was the encomienda. The government gave Indians to certain colonists if they spread the word about Christianity 9. The Conquest of Mexico - when the Cuban conquistador set out and discovered Mexico, he brought crops, animals, language, law, customs, and religion - Columbus day is aka Dia de la Raza because of a whole new race created 10. The spread of Spanish America - Harvard is the first college - 1540’s Mexico conquistadors went out to establish more land - wanted to spread Christian religion - forced slaves to be missionaries and doing so Indian culture was lost