JPChapter+1+Notes

Chapter 1 Notes New World Beginnings 33000 BC to AD 1769 **-The Shaping of North American**
 * One single continent 225 mill. years ago
 * 350 mill. years ago Appalachians formed
 * 10000 years ago Ice Age receded, changing the geography of N. America forever
 * -Peopling the Americas **
 * Most people came from Eurasia to the Americans via the land bridge near Alaska
 * Europeans arrive in America in 1492
 * -The Earliest Americans **
 * 50000 BC corn was developed
 * Corn took over and was harvested everywhere and grown everywhere
 * Mound builders, the Mississippi cultures, and the Anasazai sustained large settlements based on corn
 * Most native Americans lived in small scattered and impermanent settlements
 * -Indirect Discoverers of the New World **
 * 1000 AD Norse Sailors discovered Newfoundland
 * Other European nations sought to expand centuries later
 * Christian Crusaders yearned for Asian goods
 * High costs led to more exploring
 * Goods were transported huge distances/Spice Islands/China/India
 * -Europeans Enter Africa **
 * Marco Polo (Italian adventurer) returns 1295
 * Europeans hesitate to sail southerly
 * Portuguese set up gold trading posts on African Shore
 * Portuguese adopted Arab/African practices
 * Bartholamue Dias rounded southernmost tip of Africa in 1488
 * -Columbus Come upon a New World **
 * Oct 12 1492 Bahamas discovered
 * Columbus failed, but succeeded in finding land not a new path to the indies
 * He connected Europe Africa and the 2 Americas
 * -When Worlds Collide **
 * (New World) à gold, silver, corn, potatoes, pineapple, tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla, SYPHILLAS.
 * (Old World) à wheat, rice, sugar, horse, cow, pig, smallpox, measles, plague, flue, typhus
 * -The Spanish Conquistadores **
 * Spain became dominant in exploring and colonizing in the 1500s
 * Balboa, Ponce de Leon, Cortes, Pizzaro, de Soto, Coronado
 * Pizzaro crushed the Incans in 1532
 * Own kind of slavery called “economieda”
 * -The conquest of Mexico **
 * 1519 Cortes set sail from Cuba
 * Landed in Vera Cruz w/ 2 castaways
 * Moctezuma treated Cortes w/ respect, lust for gold took over
 * Tenochtitlan invaded/land sieged. Conquered June 30
 * Mexico population shrunk from 20 mill to 2 mill (1520)