Chapter+1+New+World+Beginnings

                <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> >
 * 225 million years ago was supercontinent
 * 350 <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">million years ago Appalachians were formed
 * 135-25 million years ago Rockies, Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and Coast Ranges formed
 * 10 million years ago North America looks like it does now
 * 2 million years ago the Great Ice Age
 * 10,000 years ago the ice was gone and all the lakes were left behind
 * 35,000 years ago nomadic Asian hunters immigrated to Americas
 * 1492, Europeans arrived in the Americas
 * 1492, 54 million people inhabited the Americas
 * 1/4000 Aztecs sacrificed in celebration of the crowning of the chieftain
 * 5000 BC, hunter-gatherers started the cultivation of corn
 * 1200 BC, corn planting reached present day American Southwest
 * Aztecs are only ones in the Americas that are a complex nation-state
 * 1000 AD, Mississippian Indians settles at Cahokia and had 25,000 people
 * Mississippian and Anasazi people got big populations after introduction of corn
 * 1300 AD, Anasazi pueblo of 600+ interconnected rooms fell into decline
 * 1000 AD, Southeastern Atlantic of North America got beans and squash
 * Iroquois developed a robust military alliance that menaced its neighbor Indians and Europeans
 * Many Indians passed down power and possessions to the female side of the family line
 * Scandinavians chanced upon the Northeastern shoulder of North America about 100 AD which they named Vinland, but is now called Newfoundland
 * Christian crusaders desired to conquer Asia for its silk clothes, medicines, perfumes, draperies, and spices- especially sugars for sweetening and preserving foods
 * Marco Polo (Italian adventurer) started telling tales of his 20 year journey in China in 1295 and this made Europeans want to find a cheaper route to the treasures of Asia
 * 1450, Portuguese mariners overcame wind obstacle coming back up from Africa
 * Portuguese set up trading posts along West African shores to buy slaves and gold
 * 40,000 Africans enslaved before discovery of Americas
 * Millions more after
 * D<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">íaz rounds the Southernmost tip of Africa in 1488
 * 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India and returned home with a cargo of jewels and spices
 * Around 1500, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile got married and the kingdom of Spain became united
 * 1450, printing presses facilitated the spread of scientific knowledge
 * October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered a Bahaman island
 * 1494, Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal
 * 1513, Balboa claims all lands touching Pacific Ocean for Spain
 * Ponce de León explores Florida
 * Cortés conquers Mexico for Spain
 * 1522, Magellan’s vessel completes circumnavigation of the world
 * 1524, Verrazano explores eastern seaboard of North America for France
 * 1532, Pizzaro crushes Incas
 * 1534, Cartier journeys up the St. Lawrence River
 * 1539-1542, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">De Soto explores the Southeast and discovers Mississippi River
 * 1540-1542<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Coronado explores present-day southwest
 * 1542, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Cabrillo explores California coast for Spain
 * 1565, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Spanish build fortress at St. Augustine
 * Late 1500’s, Iroquois Confederacy founded, according to Iroquois legend
 * 1598-1609, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Spanish under Onate conquer Pueblo people of Rio Grande valley
 * 1609, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Spanish found New Mexico
 * 1680, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pope’s Rebellion in New Mexico
 * 1680<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">’s, <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">French expedition down Mississippi River under La Salle
 * 1769<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">, S <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">erra founds first California mission at San Diego <span style="display: none; font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all;">