JC+Chapter+Two+Notes

Chapter 2 -Spanish- Santa Fe 1660- French-Quebec 1608; English Jamestown, VA 1607 -1530 King Henry VIII broke from Catholic church- 1558 Protestant dominant religion in England -Catholic Irish-1570’s and 1580’s England crushed rebellion and took catholic irish lands and put Protestant landowners. -English took Spanish treasure and raided settlements. Francis Drake made profits of 4,600% -Walter Raleigh 1585 landed on NC’s Roanoke Island. Roanoke colony mysteriously vanished. -1588 Spanish-130 ships went to attack England. England’s “sea dogs” were more maneuverable and made a lot of damage. A storm came, Spanish ships left. -England’s victory ensured naval dominance of North America -1604 England and Spain signed a peace treaty. -By 1600 population was 4 million. In late 1500’s economic depression hit wool trade of jobs and people came. (In 1550 only 3 million people) -Left England 1606 landed on “James River” on May 24, 1607 and 100 men disembarked -40 died on ship (1606-1607) 1607-lost leaders and supplies in shipwreck. Many others died on arrival. -Started with 400, by 1609 only 60 survived. Some resulted to cannibalism. -in 1625 only 1,200 out of almost 8000 living. -1614 first Anglo-Powhatan War in 1622 killed 347 settlers. 1644 second Anglo-Powhatan War-Indians lost again. -1646 peace treaty Chesapeake Indians left. 1669 only 2,000 Indians left in VA -Powhatans-disorganized, disease and disposability -Catawba formed by remains of several tribes put together. -before large numbers, Europeans had to conform to Indian ways to trade inland. -1612 tobacco became a main crop. 1619 first slaves (20 blacks from Dutch) -1700 blacks made up 14% of VA -1619 House of Burgesses -1624 James I made VA under his control -1634 Lord Baltimore-Maryland place for Catholics -1649 Act of Toleration-gives toleration to all Christians -English colonizing in West Indies too, 1655 claim on Jamaica -tobacco-poor man’s crop sugar cane-rich man’s crop -To work sugar cane mills-over a quarter million in 5 decades of black slaves. -By 1700 black slaves in West Indies outnumbered whites by 4:1 -African Diaspora- scattering of Africans in New World in 3.5 centuries following Columbus. -Barbados slave code of 1661 denied almost all rights and masters complete control. -Carolina officially adopted version of Barbados slave code in 1696 -Civil war in England in 1640’s -1629 Charles I dismissed parliament, wanted it back in 1640but members did not want to. They beheaded Charles and Cromwell ruled for 10 years. Charles II took the throne in 1660 -Carolina 1670 (after Charles II) 8 court members wanted to expand economy. -Many Carolina settlesrs emigrated from Barbados bringing slave system. -10,000 Indians –lifelong labor in West Indies. -1707 Savannah Indians wanted to end alliance with Carolina. Carolinians wanted to “thin” them out. They killed almost all by 1710 -Started growing rice in Carolina and bringing slaves who knew how to harvest -People from rich families came to Charleston -Spanish were angry because of Protestants in Carolina. By 1700 they were too big to fight -North and South Carolina separated in 1712. They did not get along with each other. -By 1720 most coastal Indians had been devastated -Georgia founded in 1733, 50 yrs after last. 173 years after first -Georgia served as protection to Carolinas from Spanish and French -Georgia wanted to keep slavery out. They did until 1750 -North Carolina was still nonconforming -Georgia did not grow much because no plantations because of unhealthy climate, no slavery, and Spanish attacks.