TB+Chapter+3+Notes

// Chapter 3  // Martin Luther spurred the Protestant Reformation by his denouncing the authorities of the pope and priests. These ideas were taken in by John Calvin who his ideology to English Puritans, Scottish Presbyterians, French Huegnots, and Dutch Reformists. He spread the idea of predestination. The English Puritans wanted the Anglican Church to be “purified” and stripped of it Roman Catholic ideas. Also, the Anglican Church enlisted all English subjects which meant that the damned shared services with the holy. King James I was afraid that if people defy him as their spiritual leader, then they would do the same as their political leader. The separatist fled England for Holland and then twelve years later started their journey to the “New World” with the Virginia Company. Before disembarking all men over 41 years signed the Mayflower Compact which was an agreement to form a government where all white males of voting age would form a law making assembly. The first winter killed about 58 of the original 102. In 1691, Plymouth Colony merged with its larger neighbor, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Charles I in 1629 started prosecuting even the moderate Puritans; they left en masse. There were about 70,000 total from England. However, only 20,000 landed in Massachusetts and about 48,000 in the Caribbean. Roger Williams built a Baptist church and started the Rhode Island Colony with complete freedom of religion and no loyalty oath. It even allowed men who did not own land to vote. The Puritans of Boston referred to it as the “Sewer.” Sir Fernando Gorges owned Maine but was unable to colonize it, so in 1677 the wealthy Massachusetts Bay Colony purchased it. The Massachusetts Bay also attempted to purchase New Hampshire but the King was not pleased because that one colony would own too much land in the “New World,” he separated them by making it a Royal Colony. More and more settlers poured into New England and the Pequot’s War grew from the Westward expansion. It ended with the total annihilation of a Pequot village. In 1675, almost 40 years later and inter-tribe alliance arose from Metacom as its leader and, a short lived war with the settlers was fought. Charles II was put back on the throne after the English Civil War and, he wanted a more active role in governing the semi-autonomous commonwealths. Charles II was angry when the Massachusetts Bay Colony ignored his royal orders and as punishment: he gave colony status to two of Bay Colony’s biggest rivals and then finally revoked it colony status in 1684. a new colony replaced the old Bay Colony by name of Massachusetts Colony. Charles II also put more English officials in control. Quakers moved into Pennsylvania a colony founded by William Penn. He sent real estate promoters all over the world with real claims and the Quakers’ prospered as businessmen.