AP+Chapter+1-6

Text Book Notes: Chapters 1-6 Ø  The Shaping of North America - Began as one super continent - 10 million years ago (North America shaped) - Canadian Shield - A zone under girded by ancient rock and first part to emerge above sea level - Great Ice Age about 2 million years ago - Glaciers transformed land Ø  Peopling the Americas - Low sea levels exposed a land bridge between Eurasia and North America - 54 million people already inhabited the Americas - People evolved and developed many languages, religions, cultures, etc.  - Developed advance agricultural and astronomical practices Ø  The Earliest Americans - Corn was the foundation of life (used/grown everywhere) - Corn planting reached the southwest by 1200 BC  - Maize, beans, and squash reached the southeastern region of North America in about 1000 AD   - Native North American people lived in small scattered settlements before the Europeans’ arrival - Women tended to crops and men hunted, fished, gathered fuel, cleared fields for planting, etc.  - Women had the authority - Native Americans did not harm the environment - No more than 4 million Native Americans Ø  Indirect Discoverers of the New World - Europeans landed on northeastern shoulder of North America in about 1000 AD  - Landed near L’Anse aux Meadows (Vinland) - Christian crusaders visited Asia and soon craved their many goods - Wanted to find a less expensive route to Asia’s goods or develop alternative sources of supply Ø  Europeans Enter Africa - Marco Polo (Italian Adventurer) returns to Europe in 1295 telling stories of his 20 year sojourn in China - In 1450, Portuguese mariners developed new ships and routes for easier travel - Portuguese set up trading posts along the African shore - Became huge slave traders - Bartholomeu Dias reached tip of Africa in 1488 - Vasco da Gama reaches India in 1498 Ø  Columbus comes upon a New World - Christopher Columbus finds an island in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492 Ø  When worlds collide - New World held many new crops and resources - Columbus introduced Old World crops and animals to the Americas - Also introduced many unwanted plants and diseases - 90% of Native Americans died after Columbus arrived Ø  The Spanish Conquistadores - Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - Vasco Nunez Balboa discovered Pacific Ocean and claimed all lands washed by that sea to his king (1513) - Ferdinand Magellan completed first circumnavigation of the globe (1519-1522) - Encomienda - government could give Indians to colonists so they could Christianize them Ø  The conquest of Mexico - Hernan Cortes left Cuba bound for Mexico (1519) - June 30, 1520 Aztecs attacked Spanish (noche triste) - Mestizos - people of mixed Indian and European heritage Ø  The spread of Spanish America - Spanish fortress at St. Augustine, Florida in 1565 - Don Juan de Onate led many from Mexico into the Rio Grande Valley (1598) - Spanish begin to establish settlements in Texas (1716) - San Antonio settlement known as the Alamo - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo explored California coast in 1542 - Father Junipero Serra founded first California mission in San Diego Ø  England’s Imperial Stirrings - King Henry VIII launched English Protestant Reformation (1530s) - Elizabeth takes English throne in 1558 (protestant dominant) Ø  Elizabeth Energizes England -Promote Protestantism - Francis Drake - First English attempt at colonization (Sir Humphry Gilbert) - Sir Walter Raleigh landed in North Carolina (1583) - Philip II of Spain and “Invincible Armada” invade England (1588) - England wins over Spanish Armada ending Spain’s dominance - England grows - Treaty of peace between England and Spain (1604) Ø  England on the Eve of Empire - Growing population - Economic depression (1500s) - Joint Stock Company (1600s) Ø  England plants the Jamestown Seedling - Virginia Company of London received charter from King James I of England for a settlement in the New World (1606) - Virginia Company ships land near Chesapeake Bay - Traveled up to the James River - May 24, 1607 - Disembarked in what they called Jamestown - Captain John Smith - Captain John Smith kidnapped in December 1607 - Pocahontas “saved” him and became an intermediary between the Indians and settlers Ø  Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake - Lord De La Warr arrived in 1610 - He and his troops destroyed Indian villages, killing many - Peace settlement ended First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 - Pocahontas and colonist, John Rolfe, get married - Second Anglo-Powhatan War in1644 - Peace treaty of 1646 - By 1669, only 2 thousand Indians in Virginia - Europeans wanted land Ø  The Indians’ New World - Horses had a substantial effect on Indian migration - Disease extinguished entire cultures - Trade had a substantial effect on Indian life - Firearms made it easier for hunting <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Virginia: Child of Tobacco - John Rolfe became father of the tobacco industry - Tobacco Rush was the foundation of the economy but ruined land and soil - Slaves introduced in Virginia (1619) - Representative Self-government (1619) - House of Burgesses - assembly - James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt and beleaguered Virginia Company (1624) - Virginia became a royal colony under James I <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø   Maryland: Catholic Haven - 2nd plantation colony / 4th English colony - founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore (English Catholic Family) - Act of Toleration (1649) - Act guaranteed toleration to all Christians <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America - England secured many West Indies islands - Jamaica secured in 1655 - Sugar was the foundation of West Indies - Imported slaves to work on sugar plantations - Barbados slave code (1661) - Carolina adopted a version of Barbados slave code (1696) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Colonizing the Carolinas - England Civil War (1640s) - Carolina named after Charles II  - Indian Slave trading - Savannah Indians end alliance with Carolina (1707) - Rice main export - 13 original colonies - Charles Town - busiest sea port in the south <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Emergence of North Carolina - North Carolina separated in 1712 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Late-coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony - Founded in 1733 - Intended to protect Carolina - Named after King George II  - Georgia launched by group of Philanthropists - Group designed to keep slavery out of Georgia - James Oglethorpe - Overall not a very successful colony <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Plantation Colonies - Slavery in all colonies - Profitable crops (tobacco, rice) - Settlers forced westward
 * Chapter 1: New World Beginnings (33,000 BC - 1769 AD) **
 * Chapter 2: The Planting of English America (1500 - 1733) **

<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism - Martin Luther started Protestant Reformation - John Calvin (Calvinism) - Institutes of the Christian religion (doctrine) - King Henry VIII becomes head of the Church of England (1530s) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth - Many left Holland in 1608 - Sailed on the Mayflower (Captain Myles Standish) - Landed at Plymouth Rock (1620) - First Thanksgiving Day (Autumn of 1621) - Pilgrim leader was William Bradford <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth - Non-separatist Puritans secured a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company (1629) - Great Migration (1630s) - John Winthrop was Bay Colony’s first governor (19 yrs) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Building the Bay Colony - John Cotton enforced religious rules - Idea of the separation of Church and State - Connecticut - Blue Law State - Michael Wigglesworth’s poem “Day of Doom” <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth - Anne Hutchinson argued the Puritan doctrine of Predestination - On trial in 1638 (banished) - Roger Williams (extreme separatist) - He was banished in 1635 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Rhode Island “Sewer” - Roger Williams fled to Rhode Island (1636) - He built first Baptist Church in America - Complete freedom of religion - Called “Sewer” because many unwanted/exiled people went there - Squatter colony (1636) to rights to soil (1644) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  New England Spreads Out - Hartford founded in 1635 - Connecticut River Colony created a document called the Fundamental Orders in 1639 (constitution) - New Haven (1638) - New Hampshire separated from Massachusetts (1679) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Puritans Versus Indians - Epidemic killed 3/4 of native people - Wampanoag Indians signed treaty with Pilgrims (1621) - War between English settlers and Pequit tribe (1637) - Metacom (Wampanoag Indian) mounted assaults on English villages - Metacom’s War ended in 1676 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence - New England Confederation formed (1643) - Purpose was for defense - Consisted of 2 Massachusetts colonies and 2 Connecticut colonies <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Andros Promotes the First American Revolution - Dominion of New England (1686) - Sir Edmund Andros (head of Dominion) - Glorious Revolution (1688 - 1689) - Dominion of New England collapsed - New York and Maryland Unrest (1689 - 1691) - Added more English officials <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Old Netherlanders at New Netherland - New Netherlanders planted (1623 - 1624) - Established by the Dutch West India Company - Bought Manhattan Island from Indians (cheap) - New Amsterdam (New York City) was a company town - Patroonships (vast feudal estates along the Hudson River) - 18 different languages spoken in New Amsterdam (1640s) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors - Indians attacked settlers on Manhattan Island - Settlers put up a wall (how Wall Street got its name) - Swedes trespassed on Dutch preserves (1638 - 1655) - Thirty Year’s War (1618 - 1648) - Dutch military expedition (1655) - Led by Peter Stuyvesant - Swedish rule ended <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Dutch Residues in New York - Peter Stuyvesant forced to surrender (1664) - New Amsterdam renamed New York after the Duke of York - Dutch left impact on area <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania - Quakers in England (mid-1600s) - William Penn became attracted to Quaker faith (1660) - King granted Penn land called Pennsylvania (1681) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors - Penn launched his colony in 1681 - Pennsylvania peace between settlers and Indians - William Penn in Pennsylvania for 4 years - New Jersey started in 1664 - West New Jersey sold to a group of Quakers (1674) - Both Jerseys combined into a royal colony (1702) - Delaware granted own assembly (1703) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies - Middle colonies include New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey (bread colonies) - Ethnically mixed population - Benjamin Franklin (born in Boston) entered Philadelphia in 1720
 * Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies (1619 - 1700) **

<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Unhealthy Chesapeake - Short life expectancy (disease) - Virginia most populous colony <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Tobacco Economy - 1.5 million pounds of tobacco from Chesapeake Bay (1630s) - Work on tobacco plants for passage to America - 100,000 English servants by 1700 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Frustrated Freemen and Bacon’s Rebellion - William Berkley (Virginia governor) - Virginia out of control led by Nathaniel Bacon (1676) - Civil War in Virginia - Look to Africa for cheap laborers <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Colonial Slavery - 10 million Africans brought to New World (after 1700) - Royal African Company lost monopoly (1698) - Most slaves came from west African coast - Racial discrimination made slave system <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Africans in America - Harsh southern slave life - Blacks evolved new language (English + African languages) - Slave revolt in New York City (1712) - Slave revolt in South Carolina (1739) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Southern Society - Planters ruled economy - Small farmers beneath planters - Landless whites - Indenture slaves - Black slaves - Life revolved around plantations <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The New England Family - Average life expectancy was 70 - Women had many children - Southern colonies allowed women to inherit their husband’s wealth - Husband’s power not absolute - Divorce was rare - Certain women forced to wear an “A” (The Scarlet Letter - 1850) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Life in New England Towns - Proprietors moved onto land and started towns - Massachusetts Puritans established Harvard College (1636) - Virginians establish their first college (William and Mary - 1693) - Held meetings to vote on certain matters <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials - Half-Way Covenant - 1662 (admit to Baptism but not full communion) - 20 women killed for being “bewitched” (1692) - Occurred in Salem, Massachusetts - Salem Witch Trials end in 1693 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The New England Way of Life - Soil, climate, land - Less ethnically mixed than southern colonies - Indians used land not owned it  - Europeans had to improve land by clearing and planting <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Early Settlers’ Days and Ways - Sun and season cycles ran colonist’s life - Women wove, cooked, cleaned, cared for children, etc. - Men cleared land, fenced, planted, cropped, etc.  - Children helped with tasks and went to school when they could - Mostly poor/unwanted European immigrants - Leisler’s Rebellion (New York City 1689 - 1691)
 * Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century (1607 - 1692) **

<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Conquest by the Cradle - Brittan ruled 32 colonies by 1775 - 13 colonies shared large population - Population Boom had political consequences - Most populous colonies in 1775 were Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Maryland - 90% of people lived in rural areas <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  A Mingling of the Races -Melting Pot - Many Germans in Philadelphia - Great Wagon Road (along Appalachian foothills from Pennsylvania to Georgia) - Scots-Irish led armed march of the Paxton boys (1764) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Structure of Colonial Society - Lower classes larger - 50 thousand “Jayle Birds” were went to America from England - Thomas Jefferson assailed British vetoes but failed <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists - First medical school (1765) - Christian ministry most honored profession - Lawyers were looked down on <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø   Workday America - Agriculture leading industry - Triangular trade - Lumber important - Molasses Act (1733) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Horsepower and Sail power - Roads connect major cities (1700s) - Many taverns and attractions along main roads - Intercolonial postal system (mid-1700s) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Dominant Denominations - Conspicuous churches - Anglican and Congregational (1775) - William and Mary College (1693) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Great Awakening - Liberal ideas challenged older religions - Great Awakening (1730s - 1740s) - Started in Northhampton, Massachusetts by Jonathan Edwards - George Whitefield - Great Awakening revitalized American religions - First spontaneous mass movement <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Schools and Colleges - Education mostly for boys at first - Elementary schools - Wealthy families had private tutors - College education prepared men for the ministry - 9 local colleges during the colonial era - Benjamin Franklin helped launch the University of Pennsylvania <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  A Provincial Culture - John Trumbull - painter - Artists had to study in England - Architecture imported - Phillis Wheatley - a slave girl who published a book of poems after going to England - Benjamin Franklin - known at the time for editing “Poor Richard’s Almanack” - His science won him honors in Europe - Invented bifocals, Franklin Stove, and more <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Pioneer Presses - Benjamin Franklin established first library in Philadelphia - John Peter Zenger Case (1734 - 1735) - His newspaper assailed royal governor - Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger and won - Step toward freedom of press <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Great Game of Politics - By 1775, 8 colonies had royal governors - 2 house legislative body - Lord Cornbury (governor of New York and New Jersey - 1702) - America not a true democracy (1775) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Colonial Folkways - No heat, plumbing, light - Strange ways of entertainment - Christmas frowned upon - Colonies different, but similar in ways
 * Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution (1700 - 1775) **

<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  France Finds a Foothold in Canada - Contest between England, France and Spain for North American continent - St. Bartholomew’s Day (1572) - King Louis XIV (France) - Empire established at Quebec by Samuel de Champlain (1608) - Named New France - Government under king’s control <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  New France Fans Out - French sold beaver pelts - French made Indians part of their fur business - Chased beavers long distances causing ecological damage - Antoine Cadillac founded Detroit (1701) - Robert de La Salle traveled down the Mississippi River (1682) - He founded Louisiana - French put forts up to keep out Spain - New Orleans was a fort (1718) - Illinois became France’s main crop source <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  The Clash of Empires - King William’s War (1689 - 1697) - Queen Anne’s War (1702 - 1713) - Spain allied with France - Peace terms signed at Utrecht (1713) - The War of Jenkin’s Ear in 1739 (British vs. Spaniards) - King George’s War in Europe <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  George Washington Inaugurates War with France - Governor of Virginia ordered George Washington to command 150 Virginia militiamen (1754) - French surrounded Fort Necessity and Washington was forced to surrender (July 4th, 1754) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Global War and Colonial Disunity - French-Indian War (1754) - Evolved into Seven Years’ War - Intercolonial congress in Albany, New York - 7 of 13 colonies showed up  - Common defense against France - Benjamin Franklin published snake cartoon in his Pennsylvania Gazette with slogan “Join, or Die” <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Braddock’s Blundering and Its Aftermath - General Braddock set out to capture Fort Duquesne (1755) - Indians won and attacked Pennsylvania to North Carolina - British invade Canada (1756) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Pitt’s Palms of Victory - William Pitt - Became leader of London Government (1757) - Expedition against Louisburg (1758) - James Wolfe selected for Quebec expedition - French defeated in Battle of Quebec (1759) - France no longer has power in North America - Great Britain dominant power and naval power in North America <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  Restless Colonists - British had new confidence in military - Refused to recognize militia above Captain - British forbade all exports from New England and middle colonies - Intercolonial disunity caused by distance, religion, language, etc.  - Some unity during the French-Indian War <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">Ø  War’s Fateful Aftermath - History of the United States began with the fall of Quebec and Montreal - Pontiac (Ottawa Chief) led violent campaign to drive British out of Ohio Country (1763) - Pontiac dies in 1763 - Daniel Boone - London government issued Proclamation of 1763
 * Chapter 6: The Duel for North America (1608 - 1763) **