JH-Chapter+6

__Chapter 6: Duel for America__ I. France Finds a Foothold in Canada a. Civil war had prevented France from fighting for the New World until the beginning of the 1600s. b. Louis XIV (the “Sun-King”), however, took an interest in the New World. c. Leading explorer Camplain made friends with the Hurons by fighting off the Iroquois. d. New France (Canada) came under Louis’ direct control. II. New France Fans Out a. Fur-trapping became the greatest asset to New France. b. These fur-traders recruited Indians, who were in many ways harmed by these interactions. c. Missionaries (especially Jesuits) worked to help the Indians, but were often harmed for their efforts. d. The French made decisive to stop the English and Spanish expansion in the New World. III. The Clash of Empires a. King William’s War (1689-1697) and Queen Anne’s War (1702-13) were the first French-British struggles in the New World. b. The 1713 Peace of Utrecht showed Britain’s victory clearly. c. The War of Jenkin’s Ear (1739) was caused by trading tensions between Spain and England. d. This became the War of Austrian Succession in Europe and King George’s War in America. IV. George Washington Inaugurates War in France a. Ohio Country was desired strongly by France and Britain. b. Washington was sent to regain lands taken in Ohio by the French in 1754. c. At first successful, he was soon beaten. V. Global War and Colonial Disunity a. The French-Indian War (or Seven Years’ War) was partially triggered by Washington’s attack. b. In Europe, it was Prussia and Britain versus Spain, France, Austria, and Russia. c. In America, the colonies were not united, threatening England’s victory. d. Benjamin Franklin was key in the push for unity. VI. Braddock’s Blundering and Its Aftermath a. The War went badly for the British under General Braddock at the beginning. b. Next, the British attempted a full-scale invasion of Canada, but were persistently defeated. VII. Pitt’s Palms of Victory a. William Pitt proved a great leader for England. b. He took Louisbourg first in 1758, Quebec the next year, and Montreal the year after. c. The Paris Peace of 1763 resulted in the complete French expulsion from America and British dominance in the New World. VIII. Restless Colonists a. Throughout the War, tension had increased between the British and the colonists. b. Americans had also been somewhat reticent about joining the British side. c. The War had somewhat better colonial unity. IX. War’s Fateful Aftermath a. The overthrow of the French gave Americans a new taste for independence. b. The British made some diplomatic blunders, which furthered discontent among the colonists.