IS-Chapter+6+Notes

 Chapter 6: The Duel for North America  1608-1763  · Struggle for North America- England, France, Spain, as well as Native Americans. Seven Year’s War, (Europe) known as the French and Indian War in American, set the stage for our independence · Nine world wars since 1688-all involved American people · Edict of Nantes: limited toleration to French Protestants, King Louis XIV leads France to power · Father of New France: Samuel de Champlain, friendly with Hurons of Canada, King controlled government · French fur-trappers pursued the beaver, enlisted the help of Native Americans. Jesuits (Catholic missionaries) tried to save the Indians for Christ with little success · Beaver pursuit= expansion, French sought an empire · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War: primitive warfare, Britain victorious over France/Spain <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">War of Jenkins’s Ear, War of Austrian Succession (King George’s War in America)- New France invaded by New Englanders, Louisbourg captured, but the French got it back <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">French and British fought over the Ohio Valley, governor of Virginia sends 21-year-old George Washington to Ohio Country- Virginia militiamen fire the first shot at the French, killing the leader (initiates war) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ten hour siege at Fort Necessity- Washington surrenders to the French <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Seven Year’s War: Britain and Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia. French energy in Europe, not in the New World, “America was conquered in Germany” (Frederick the Great-British) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Congress at Albany: purpose was to keep Iroquois loyal to the British, achieve colonial unity against France- leading spirit was Ben Franklin <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">French/Indians triumphed in the opening clashes: Braddock and men set out to capture Fort Duquesne, encounter a small French/Indian army, Braddock is mortally wounded and defeated <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">British invade Canada in 1756 and try to attack a number of posts (Quebec and Montreal were strongholds)- British defeated <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">William Pitt: “Great Commoner,” leader in London government, “Organizer of Victory,” dispatched an expedition against Louisbourg. Siege was the first British victory <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">French (Montcalm) defeated by James Wolfe (Battle of Quebec, 1759) by 1763 Great Britain was dominant in North America= increased confidence in militia <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Restless colonists refused to provide troops and money for war (intercolonial disunity caused by distances, varied religions/nationalities/governments <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">·  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Unity began when soldiers/statesmen met in war <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">·  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ottawa chief Pontiac attempted to drive the British out of Ohio Country in 1763, British retaliated <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">American colonists began to move west, London government issued Proclamation of 1763, prohibiting settlements in the area beyond the Appalachian Mountains- designed to work out Indian problem fairly and prevent bloody uprisings <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Angry Americans moved west in defiance, the British were annoyed with their unruly colonial subjects