HN+Chapter+4+Notes

Chapter 4: American Life in the 17th Century · Chesapeake Bay settlers had short life expectancies due to diseases and an unhealthy environment § Slow population growth due to short lives and scarcity of women; families small and weak § Population began to grow with more women and acquired immunities to diseases · Chesapeake good for growing tobacco § b/c it ruined soil, settlers forced to expand § produced massive amounts of tobacco § needed labor; used indentured servants, who worked in exchange for passage to America and supplies · <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">headright system- master who paid a servant’s passage was granted 50 acres; encouraged masters to invest in labor <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">indentured servants faced hard life w/ little potential success as freemen <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1676 planter Nathaniel Bacon led rebellion (Bacon’s Rebellion), attacking Indians and Jamestown b/c they were being forced off of land and Gov. Berkeley supported natives <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Though revolt was crushed, conflict remained between laborers and wealthy planters <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In early years of colonies, black slaves uncommon (too expensive) <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1680s black slaves began to be numerous <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1698 monopoly on slave trade ended, allowing slave business to grow <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Blacks became large portion of pops. <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1662 Virginia slave codes established <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Slavery molded by both economic and racial factors <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Slave life in deep South difficult due to hard conditions, such as bad climate <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Slave in Chesapeake area fared better <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Society able to sustain itself <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Africans and African-Americans contributed to American society <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Words from African languages <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">African dance led to jazz; banjo and bongos <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Did the dirty work as laborers <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Some launched small scale revolts <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In South, established, wealthy families owned lots of land <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In Virginia, landed families (FFVs) dominated House of Burgesses <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Unlike English gentlemen, focused mostly business <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Underneath them, small farmers who scraped by living on tiny plots of land <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Lowest were whites w/o land, just before slaves <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Not many cities in South, mostly large plantations <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">African-American culture was a blend of several African traditions and Western practices <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">New Englanders enjoyed healthy environment and climate <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Family important; early marriage; large number of births; many children <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Families larger and stable due to longer life expectancies <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Though Southern women enjoyed some economic independence, New England women lost most property rights when married; women had some marital rights; midwives <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Divorce highly uncommon <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Unlike South, New England was full of small towns and farms <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Towns established w/ legal charters <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Provided education; some were literate <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Practiced democracy in church and town meetings <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">As Puritanical zeal waned, ministers became concerned w/ lack of piety <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1662 Half-Way Covenant gave baptism (not full communion) to the children of current members; closed gap between majority and elect <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Salem witchcraft trials led to convictions of many women; hysteria displayed social tension between traders (accused) and farmers (accusers) <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Was hard to farm New England soil; stony <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Pop. less diverse; fewer people wanted to work the difficult soil <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Climates extreme; no staple products; little black slavery <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Indian and colonist use of land conflicted; natives chose to not own land <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Settlers adjusted land and built structures <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Colonists introduced livestock: cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In order to make space for animals, cleared away forests <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">New England economy sustained by shipbuilding and fishing <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Developed reputation for having stubborn, strict, independent, and resourceful characters <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Eventually, New Englanders spread throughout the country, bringing w/ them orderly towns, Puritan values, and resolute characters <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Colonists’ schedules revolved around weather and seasons <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Farmers: spring- planted crops, summer- raised crops, fall- harvested, worked long hours (dawn to dusk) <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Women performed household tasks and chores while men performed labor <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Lived fairly well compared to Europeans on cheap land <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Most immigrants were originally from idle class; wealthy classes didn’t have motivation and lower classes couldn’t afford it  <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">·  <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Early colonies lacked social distinction, but settlers hoped to create social hierarchy <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Tension and conflict between lowly farmers and wealthy landowners <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Upper classes tried to restrict lower classes’ aspirations to wealth and recognition <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">American whites continued to practice democracy and social equality