Chapter+1

 New World Beginnings (33,000 B.C.-A.D. 1769) · 225 million years ago the continents were combined as one. · Great ice age shaped the majority of the geographical history of North America. · Incas-Peru · Mayans-Central America · Aztecs-Mexcio · Iroquois confederacy developed political & organizational skills · Native people of North America lived in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements. · Scandinavian men discovered the Americas first, landed near L'Anse aux meadows in present day Newfoundland, but they did nothing to start a settlement there. Their discovery was soon forgotten. · 1450-Portuguese mariners discovered a way to get to Africa and after Europe began exploring. · Last half of the 15th century about 40 thousand Africans were transported to the Sugar Islands. · After 1492 the Europeans discovered new plants and animals such as rattlesnakes and tobacco, beans, and tomatoes. · 1493 Columbus traveled to the Haiti and Dominican Republic with 17 ships with 1200 men and cattle, swine, and horses,- sugar cane · 50 years later the number of Taino natives dwindled from 1 million people to 200. · Spain was the dominant exploring/colonizing power in the 1500's. ·  1540-1542 Francisco Coronado discovered the Grand Canyon and herds of buffalo. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· 1600 Spain owned a lot of silver-from the defeat of the Incas of Peru. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· 1529 Hernan Cortes sailed from Cuba to Mexico with 11 ships. Picked up a castaway slave and a female Indian slave Malinche, who knew both Mayan and Nahuah, language of the powerful Aztec rulers. August 13, 1521. Cortes gained control of the Aztecs. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Spains Colonial empire grew quickly <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Around 1716 to establish settlements in Texas and missions established (Alamo) <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· 1769 Spanish Missionaries were founded in California. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Spain tortured/murdered the Indians, stole their gold and gave them small pox.