GB+Chapter+4

__Chapter 4 __ 1650- By this time disease had killed many Chesapeake settlers. Women outnumbered men 6 to 1. 1700- 100,000 indentured servants are working in Maryland and Virginia. 1676- Nathaniel Bacon leads a rebellion against William Berkeley, Virginia’s governor. Berkeley had been trading with the Indians while complaints of murders and theft by the Indians on the frontier had been made. Berkeley took no action so Bacon rallied supporters and was elected to the council of the House of Burgesses. He then destroyed innocent Indian villages and a trading post. He chased Berkeley out of Jamestown to a plantation. He returned but was forced to leave again pursued by Bacon. Eventually, Bacon dies and Berkeley hangs many of his followers. New England was a family based colony. Fishing and shipbuilding were a major part of the economy. First colleges were Harvard in 1636 and William and Mary in 1693. Southern Society- Planters (ruled economy, had political power), Small Farmers (largest class), landless whites (former indentured servants), black slaves. 1662- Half Way Covenant- This opened up the church to non-members who were then baptized. This gave them political rights such as voting. 1662- Salem, Massachusetts- The legal lynching or ‘witch hunt’ killed 20. The ‘witch hunts’ were a scapegoat for social resentments of wealthy, land owning, and powerful women at the time. Traditional women’s roles: weaving, cooking, cleaning, caring for children. Traditional men’s roles: clearing land, fencing, planting, cutting firewood, butchering livestock. Children generally went to school or helped out with both men’s and women’s tasks. 1700- The New World population grows to 250,000. New England towns were numerous. Each town had to obtain a charter. Any town with 50 or more families had to have a place for elementary education. All towns had a church/meeting house. Puritanism is main religion in most towns. Puritan churches were democracies. This early church government led to political government. New England soil contained many rocks making it hard to plant. Agriculture did not prosper in New England. The climate varied from very hot summers to very cold winters. English land philosophy differed from Native American ideas… English wanted to improve land by clearing woodlands, building roads and fences and making settlements. They condemned the Indians of wasting the land. The introduction of livestock caused a need for more land. The introduction of livestock had an impact on soil causing climate changes, flooding, and erosion in some areas. <span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1689-1691- Leisler’s Rebellion- This was a dispute between Leisler’s Dutch merchants and New York’s land holders. Leisler set up a new government but later gave up power to the newly elected governor of New York appointed by King William III, Leisler was found guilty of treason. He was hanged and beheaded May 16th, 1691. <span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">