IS-Chapter+1+Notes

Chapter 1: New World Beginnings 33,000 B.C. – A.D. 1769  · Recorded history of the Western world began six thousand years ago · 225 million years ago- a single supercontinent existed · 10 million years ago- North America, Great Ice Age began 2 million years ago · 10,000 years ago- glaciers melt, shaping the landscape. Asian hunters had traveled to the continent by crossing the Bering Isthmus (land bridge due to low sea level) before the sea level rose · By 1492, 54 million people lived on North/South America- developed tribes and 2,000 different languages · Sophisticated civilizations- knowledge of agriculture, mathematics, astronomy · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Corn was developed in Mexico, spread across the Americas, reached the Southwest in 1200 B.C. (developed in 5000 B.C.) Pueblo people <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">South America: Incas, Mayans, Aztecs, but no “societies” existed in North America, ancient cultures declined by A.D. 1300 <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A.D. 1000: Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee along the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region- high population densities due to a rich diet of beans and squash <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Iroquois Confederacy was politically organized power, possessions passed down by females <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Rarely altered land, except by igniting forest fires to create better hunting habitats <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Europe sought contact for a wider world; silk, drugs, spices, and sugar were transported from Asia and were extremely costly <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Marco Polo returns to Europe, his book stimulates desires of a cheaper route to the East- Portuguese mariners develop the caravel and navigators set sail down the West African coast <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Trading posts set up: gold and slaves- Slave trading becomes a big business )sugar plantations) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Vasco de Gama reaches India and returns home, the Kingdom of Spain became united (Ferdinand of Aragorn marries Isabella of Castile) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Renaissance: printing presses, mariner’s compass, spirit of optimism and adventure <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Christopher Columbus (Italian seafarer) and his three tiny ships spot the Bahamas on October 12, 1492 <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">New World inhabited by “Indians,” precious metals and soil for cultivation of sugar cane <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Exotic beasts: iguanas and rattlesnakes; plants included tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes. Food was an important gift to Europe- Europe provided Indians with cattle, swine, and horses, men, sugar cane, seeds, and germs (90% of Indians died of smallpox, yellow fever, or malaria) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Portugal receives land <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Spanish conquistadors: Vasco Nuñez Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean, Ferdinand Magellan- first circumnavigation of the globe, others reached North America <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Silver brought from South America fed the growth of capitalism in Europe <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Hernán Cortés picks up two slave “interpreters” before landing where he was believed to be a god by Moctezuma, Spanish lust for gold, Aztecs attack, disease breaks out, 18 million people die, although a culture is created <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Spain’s empire grows, and English and French desire wealth also. Spaniards head north and spread Roman Catholicism until Pope’s Rebellion in 1680. <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Spanish empire stretched from California to Florida to Tierra del Fuego- 2 cultures were incorporated