Social+Vocabulary

Social Aspects of American History

Cannibalism- The act of eating another humans flesh -Kelly A

Incas: The most dominant nation of natives at the time of Spain's arrival. Located in Peru, the Incas were skilled in mathematics, medicine, and farming until Francisco Pizarro wiped them out in 1533. Mike B.

Freemen: Freed indentured servants in the Virginia Colony. Most were young, single men who had to fend for themselves in the wilderness of Western Virginia. These guys are pissed off at the royal Governor of Virginia for not giving them land or money. Mike B-

Sedition- Incitement of discontent or rebellion against a government. (Tom O'Brien)

Talleyrand- French Statesmen that tried was in war with England while America traded with England and France.(Tom O'Brien)

· - Muteczuma: The ruler of the Aztecs in Mexico who invited Cortes into their country with no battle. Cortes tried to overpower the Aztecs but the Aztecs rebelled and forced him out of the country. -Sara D · Kiva- a large chamber in pueblo indian villages used for ceremonies (Lacey Shoman)

Conquistador~ A conquistador is a Spanish adventurer, or conquerors that spread out to claim land in the Americas. (Badia Saed) The Middle Passage: the place on a ship where Africans were brought to the New World as slaves - Jessica Q.

Indentured Servant: a person (usually white and from Engalnd) who makes a deal with American plantation owners to work for them to earn their freedom. Their time spent working could be extended or decressed depending on the "master" and the indentured slave's behavior. Ashton H

Midwife- a person trained to assist in childbirth, became very popular during spanish colonization and when the childbirth numbers were booming- J rosenberg

-Jayle Birds: English convicts who had been exiled to America; though some were stains on society, others eventually became successful in the colonies- Hilde N -Headright System: master who paid a servant's passage was granted 50 acres of land; encouraged masters to invest in labor- Hilde N -Great Migration: also known as the English Migration, a period from 1610 to 1660 where thousands of settlers left England, many going to the West Indies. -Hilde N > Georgia (13th colony)- used as a buffer state during the rise of slavery, it devided the plantation colonies of the south and the spanish rule in florida, also it was known as the debtor's prison and many people in debt from england would be sent there, oglethorpe founded this colony- J Rosenberg -First Families of Virginia (FFVs)- families established in Virginia before 1690; 70 percent of the leaders of the Virginia legislature came from such families (Iris S)
 * Roanoke Colony- an enterprise led and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 16th century in present day NC, several groups tried to establish colonies, but either failed or died, however one lasting group went on for a while and mysteriously dissapeared during the Anglo- Spanish war - J Rosenberg
 * Powhatans - The Native American tribe that lived in the area where the Jamestown settlement was established. Nathan McMahon

· Commonwealth: people of a nation or state often governed by the people. (Evan H) · Three Sister Farming: A Native American technique of farming in which corn was grown tall in order for beans to climb its stalks and squash was grown big so their leaves would shield the ground to keep moisture in and to combat animals and bugs. (Evan H)

Separatists: A group of Puritans that were particularly harassed by James I. Some of them eventually sailed across the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower in 1620 and landed at Plymouth. They also created the Mayflower Compact. (Jared Hedges)

Vassals-a person granted the use of land, in return for rendering homage, fealty, and usually military service or its equivalent to a lord or other superior(Jenelle C) Mayflower:The ship that transported the English colonists to Plymouth in 1620. -Anne Marie B Contemporaries: A person belonging to the same time period as others. Ashley Bates Restoration Colony- one of a number of land grants in north america given by King Charles III in the 17th century, these grants were givin to his supporters in the stuart restoration- J rosenberg
 * Massachusettes Bay Colony- English colony that was set up by pilgrims near modern day Boston, it served as a haven for puritans fleeing England and became famous for intolerance of any other religion. TJones
 * African diaspora: the scattering of Africans in the New World in 3.5 centuries following Columbus's discovery in the new world. Jenelle C
 * Mestizos: people of both Native American and European harritage Jenelle C.
 * Mestizos: people of both Native American and European harritage Jenelle C.
 * The Blue Laws of Connecticut: Strict set of moral codes and laws set in Connecticut in 1655 by Rev. John Cotton and Gov. Theophilus Eaton (John Pfeiffer)
 * Salem Witch Trials: Series of persecutions and hangings/pressings that took place in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. 20 people were killed because they were accused of practicing witch craft (John Pfeiffer)
 * Calvinism: The belief that god had already chosen whether a person went to heaven or hell (predestination). Created by John Calvin. (John Pfeiffer)
 * Bostonian-colonist from Boston (Matt Dexheimer)
 * Expansionist- a colonist or settler expanding westward in the New World (Matt Dexheimer
 * Iroquois Indians- A tribe of Indians based in the northeast that at different times fought against the French colonists and the British colonists.-Nicholas Gass
 * Aztec Indians- A central American tribe that was the most prosperous of the Native Americans. They were eventually brought to a down fall by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes though due to disease and the conquistador's harsh treatment.-Nicholas Gass
 * Anne Hutchinson- A Massachusetts widow colonist who had a strong faith in God and believed she talked to him, the colony found this as blasphemy though and had her excommunicated.
 * Salem Witch Trials- A series of trials in the Massachusetts Bay colony against odd people in the colony that were believed to be witches where most of these people were prosecuted and killed for belief of them being witches.
 * Matrilineal Culture: The Women have power and possessions ( the Iroquios). Ashley Bates
 * Marco Polo: An Italian adventurer that went on an almost 20 year adventure in China. Ashley Bates
 * Conquistador - a Spanish conquerer of mainly the sixteenth century in which, defeated Indian civilizations around Mexico and currently southern US. (Kyle Sherman)
 * Aztecs - A very smart Native American group that had a lot of gold, and was very powerful. Cortes came during the sixteenth century and dominated it. (Kyle Sherman)
 * Mestizos: People of mixed Indian and European heritage, this culture was created when the Spanish conquistadores intermarried with the surviving Indians of Mexico. (Kenny K.)
 * Squatters: the Dutch, Swedish, English, and Welsh. Penn launched his colony in 1681 and his task was simplified by the presence of several thousand “squatters” who were already scattered along the banks of the Delaware River. (Kenny K.) 
 * Gullah: On the sea islands off South Carolina's coast, blacks evolved a unique language. It blended English with several African languages, including Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa. (Kenny K.)
 * Cajun - A culture that came from the French Acadia, large population now in New Orleans. - Anthony Szuhay
 * Freedom dues- Rewards given to indentured servants after they served their time. (Grif Berland)
 * The Starving Time: The winter after Captain John Smith went back to England in 1609-1610. Colonists quit working and hunting and food supplies ran out. Hundreds of people starved to death. Only about 60 colonists survived this crisis.-Ellie Gebhardt
 * Narragansett- Native American tribe located around the Rhode Island area. They joined the English in the Pequot War. (-Evan H)
 * Melting pot: a common term used in America to signify a bunch of different cultures coming together especially during the early colonial days - Jessica Q.
 * Destitute: someone that is poor and without money, generally these people were widows and orphans whose guardian had passed away. (Kenny K.)
 * Lairds: Scottish (Scots-Irish) land proprietors or an owner of a landed estate, sometimes they put their land up for rent. (Kenny K.)

Huron Indians: A Native American tribe who befriended the French during the colonization of North America and aided the French in the the fur trade in exchange for weapons and alcohol. They also helped fight the British as well. -Gift that keeps on giving- Britian has a "peace treaty" with Native Americans and gives them blankets as a gift. Blankets are infested with small poxs which ends up killing off the natives. (Ashley Neubeck) Republicanism- The idea of a society in which all citizens willingly subordinate their private and selfish interests for the common good. (Grif Berland) -Boston Tea Party- On December 16, 1773, roughly a hundred Bostonians, loosely disguised as Indians, boarded docked ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Atlantic; an act of treason in defiance to the tea tax (Iris S)
 * Samuel de Champlain- Was like the John Smith. He was the ruler. He traded with the Native Americans for fur. Badia Saed
 * James Otis - The Lawyer that defended the people that were pressumed guilty of smuggling sugar from the Carribean. His defense was that this was going against their right to be treated as English citizens. The judge said no because English citizens would be treated the same. (Kyle Sherman)
 * Thomas Hutchinson - The judge of Otisis' case who said they were guilty because they are given equal rights as Englishmen. He is the highest power in all of the colonies.
 * Patrick Henry- representative in the House of Burgesses, wrote the __Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death__ speech, and goes on a rampage questioning Britian's authority. for example, the Stamp Act (Christina G)

Widowarchy- a colonial woman whose husband has passed on, is given the land and power that the man had before (Matt Dexheimer) Loyal nine: nine colonies band together to rebell against any product made by the British during the time of the French and Indian War. (Ryan H.)
 * Paxton Boys- people who crossed the Proclimation Line of 1763 deliberately to defy King George III (Eric Gillum)
 * Smuggling Hotbed- what the Britih saw Boston as and made many subject to the Writs of Assistance here- (Eric Gillum)

Leifur Eiriksson- First known European to set foot in America. - Joey Burchard

regulator movement- during the 1760s in western north carolina, mainly scots-irish that resented the way eastern north carolina dominated political affairs. They thought tax money was distributed unevenly, many members joined the American Revolutionists. (Ashley Bates)

Abenaki-A Native American tribe that was known for being more gentle and traded with and helped the westerners when they moved across North America. (D McGrath)

Acquintanacsnak-A Native American tribe located by Captain John Smith and held a friendship with him.

Tar and Feathering-a form of abuse that the colonists did to British men in which the settlers often painted on scalding tar to another man's body then stuck feathers and let it dry. The British posted this in their press to make the colonists look evil and cruel (Lacey Olson). Salvatory Neglect- Britian letting the colonists live however they wanted. (Steve A) Mercantlism- How Britian would bennifit from the colonies and their natural resorces. (Steve A) -First Continental Congress in 1774, 55 delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies came together to figure out how to respond to the coercive Acts and the Quebec Act. It shows unity and a united front between the colonies. (Ashley Neubeck) - Loyalists- A colonist in the new world who remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution. (Jessica Johnson) -Mercenaries- A mercenary is a person hired for service in the army of a foreign country. For example, in the late 1760's George III hired soldiers to fight in the British army against Americans. ( Jessica Johnson) -Minute-men- a group of colonists before and during the Revolutionary War who were said to be ready in an instant for military service and used guerilla warefare.(Christina G) Samuel de Champlain- the "John Smith" figure for the French who was stationed in Quebec and Lake Champlain (south of Montreal) was named after the great leader (Matt Dexheimer) -federalist-wanted a sound and strong nationalistic government and was opposed by the Democratic-Republic(lubash) -anti federalist- dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national state government (lubash) Patriots - A term used to describe the colonists who were rebelling against the British control. - Nathan McMahon Three Fifths Compromise- Counting slaves as 3/5 of a person when counting population - John Pfeiffer Trade Deficit- when there is more imports than exports. Emily Mason Attrition- Prolong the conflict so the enemy's supplies and morale run out and they have to give up. Emily Mason

Elizabeth "Mumbet" Freeman-(1744-1829)- She sued her Massachusetts master for her freedom from slavery after hearing the Revolutionary-era talk bout the "rights of man." She won her freedom and she lived as a servant under the roof of the lawyers that won her freedom. Richard Henry Lee- moved that "these colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states", and this idea was formally written in the declaration of independence (J Rosenberg) -Republican Motherhood- the idea that the woman's at home was to educate and raise the children. This is the first clearly defined role for women. (Brandon Grant) -Egalitarian- a person who believes in the equality of all people (Iris S) - Rag money- currency produced by the states completely worthless in any other state. (Ryan H.) -Tories- a common name for Loyalists, who were colonists, still loyal to England -High Federalists: Led by Hamilton, the High Federalists were the war faction of the federalist party. (Kenny K.) Thomas Jefferson- was the 3rd president. He was an anti-federalist, which meant that he wanted small state governments. He wanted the people to have more control over the government and the laws. Badia Saed Oliver Willisworth: created the Connecticut Compromise which combinded the Virgina Plan and the New Jersey Plan ashton h -Mercy Otis Warren- an american playwrite that became one of the most influential women of the post revoltuion becaue of her antifederalist style plays and propoganda, she became known as the "Conscience of the American Revolution"- J Rosenberg Coureurs de Bois~ was an individual who engaged in fur trade, without the premission of the French Authorities (Badia Saed). Virginia Dynasty- The last four of the Presidents from Virginia. (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe) The people wondered if all of the presidents were going to be from Virginia. This "dynasty" ended in 1824. ( Jessica Johnson) Barbary Pirates- Muslim pirates or pirateers that invaded and attacked trade ships in the Mediterranean and Atlantic. They attacked American ships in the early 1800's which resulted in the formation of the US Navy. (Sara D) - Alien and Sedition Act: this is during John Adam’s presidency. The years to become a citizen changed from 5 to 14. This was increased to prevent a rebellion during the French Revolution. (T Pooley) -War hawks- young hotheads of the Twelfth Congress, which met in 1811, who replaced many of the older "submission men" (Iris S) -Slave Power- The term to describe the power slaves had within the House of Representatives. Each slaves only counted as three fifths of a vote but this power was important in Jefferson's election into the Presidency. (Grif B.) Algonquin~ living in the subarctic regions of eastern Canada; many Algonquian tribes migrated south into the woodlands from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast (Badia Saed) Ponce de Léon~ explores florida in 1512 to 1513. Badia Saed Star Spangled Banner- a symbol of United States of America's nationalism, written by Francis Scott Key who was prisioner on a British ship watching the bombardment of Baltimore (Lacey Olson). Butternut~ dominated the Old Northwest terrority. They just wanted land. (Badia Saed) Yankees~ wanted to make the region a profitable breadbasket for the Atlantic seaboard. (Badia Saed) Cult of Domesticity- Widespread cultural creed that glorified the traditional functions of the homemaker around 1850. Married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions that altered the family. Work opportunities for women increased. (Jessica Johnson) Nativisam Antiforeignism- it was a fear of new immigrants coming to America. It was feared the new comers would bring a higher birthrate and poverty to America. ( Jessica Johnson)

Abigail Adams~ is the wife of the Revolutionary War leader and future president (john Admas). She was a promient PAtriot in her own right. She was among the first Americans to see the implications of revolutionary ideas for changing the status of women. (Badia Saed). Dorthea DIx- An outspoken schoolteacher in Massachusetts who advocated for better conditions for the insane during the 1840's. -Mike Beckman- American Temperance Society- An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the drink problem. Formed in Boston in 1826, and it was the first well-organized group created to deal with the problems drunkards had on societies well being, and the possible well-being of the individuals that are heavily influenced by alcohol. ( Jessica Johnson) Women's Rights Convention- Meeting in Seneca Falls, New York of feminists; 1848; First meeting for women's rights, helped in long struggle for women to be equal to men. ( Jessica Johnson) Sectionalism- excessive regard to a specific region, spirit, or interest. Scott H.

Frederick douglass~ was born a slave in Maryland. He escaped to the north and was well educated. He served as a US minister to Haiti Badia saed William Lloyd Garrison- was a nonresistant pacifist. he favored north secession and antagonized both sections with his intemperate language. Badia Saed Sojourner Truth~ was known as Isabella. She held audiences spellbound with her resonant voice and the religiour passion with which she condemned the sin of slavery. Badia saed Dred Scott~ was a slave who sued for his freedom in the Dred scott vs Sandford case in 1857. He sued in missouri where slavery was illegal. He was deprived of owning his property. Badia saed Dorothea Dix- was a woman that fought to improve the treatment of the mentally ill. badia saed