AS+Chapter+5+Notes

Chapter 5
 * 32 Colonies, “13” rebelled
 * 1700- 300,000 people inhabited the 13 colonies, 1775: 2.5 million people
 * Average age in 1775: 16
 * English-American Ration: 1700- 20:1, 1775- 3:1
 * Only 4 “cities” by 1775: Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Charleston
 * Germans made up 6% of population (Many in Pennsylvania)
 * Scots-Irish made 7% of population. Many along Appalachians.
 * Africans made up 20% of population.
 * Many different cultures emerged due to mixed breeding.
 * The economy was open – class change was possible.
 * Poverty/poor numbers were tiny, unlike Europe.
 * Eventually, land that’s unclaimed depleted and poor people increased. People were forced out west of Alleghenies.
 * “Jayle Birds” – convicts/bad people whom London did not want and sent to America. Some ended up being respected people.
 * Huge population of blacks in south built up fear of slave rebellion. English Authorities disregarded requests to stop shipping slavery.
 * First Medical School founded in 1765. Doctors were not highly esteemed.
 * Epidemics were a constant Nightmare
 * 1730 epidemic of diphtheria took thousands.
 * Lawyers were at first look down upon.
 * Agriculture - 90% of people in America
 * Fishing was present in all 13 colonies
 * Trade Triangles developed.
 * Trade with West Indies of France provided America with a lot of cash.
 * Molasses Act stopped French – American trade
 * Roads were insufficient and travel was not good.
 * Taverns opened up across roads.
 * Postal System was developed in mid 1700’s
 * Congregational and Anglican Churches. Anglican South, Congregational North.
 * Great Awakening in 1730’s – Jonathan Edwards
 * Education was stressed by Congregational Church
 * Education flourished from New England.
 * Religion and Latin and Greek
 * Colleges originally set up for teaching ministries
 * 9 colleges established in colonies.
 * University of Pennsylvania – First non denominational church
 * Art was influenced by British tastes.
 * Architecture was borrowed and modified from the Old World.
 * Science and Math wasn’t too present in the New World *Ben Franklin*
 * By 1776 50 libraries (Public) in the colonies
 * Peter Zeneger assailed the corrupt royal government through print. Andrew Hamilton defended him, and won. Freedom of the Press/Democracy prevailed.
 * Government was mainly ruled by England. Some positions were voted. Two Houses: Upper- Chosen by proprietors, Lower – By people
 * Some royal governors were outstanding, some were terrible.
 * County government in plantation south, town meeting in New England
 * Property requirements were needed for voting.
 * By 1775, America was not fully democratic, but for more than England and Europe.
 * No sufficient heating, indoor plumbing, running water, etc.
 * Cards, hunting, liquor, riding were all used as past times.
 * Plays and lotteries emerged.
 * Holidays (except Christmas in New England) were celebrated, especially Thanksgiving
 * By 1775 communication and transportation improved and the colonies were working together.