IS-Chapter+3+Notes

 Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies  1619-1700  · Southern colonies promised riches, while northern colonies were known for religious devotion · German friar Martin Luther protested against Catholic doctrines in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation- John Calvin of Geneva elaborated on Luther’s ideas, created Calvinism at the time that King Henry VIII declared himself to be the head of the Church of England. Puritans wanted to abandon Catholicism, Separatists vowed to break away from the Church of England. King James I feared the loss of his power politically as well as spiritually · The Mayflower reached New England (Plymouth Bay) with no right to land or authority. Mayflower compact established majority voting, but many died during the winter- the next fall, however, brought bountiful harvests · The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony acted as a constitution, John Winthrop governed successfully · “Freemen” voted in elections- the government was not a democracy, only Puritans could be freemen · Quakers challenged the Puritan clergy, then Anne Hutchinson until she was banished and murdered. Roger Williams, too, threatened the Puritans and fled to Rhode Island where he establish religious freedom · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">¾ of Native people were dead by 1620, and while the settlements expanded Wampanoags befriended settlers <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The peace was disrupted by the arrival of more settlers, resulting in the Pequot War. Indians joined together to resist conversion of Christianity, attacking towns- many Natives died in King Phillip’s War <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In 1643, two Massachusetts colonies and two Connecticut colonies formed the New England Confederation to defend against foes- an exclusive Puritan club <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Charles II reestablished power in 1660, determined to actively manage the colonies, he was defied in Massachusetts and created the Dominion of New England to promote the English Navigation Laws on trade <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Sir Edmund Andros created restrictions and taxes in Boston <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution [1688-1689] in England resulted in the fall of Catholic James II and the rise of Protestant rulers of the Netherlands- the Dominion collapsed <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Massachusetts gained a new charter and governor, trade regulations relaxed, but more English officials were appointed by Charles II as judges, clerks, and customs officials <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In the 17th century, the Netherlands emerged and challenged England, after gaining independence form Spain. Became active in the East Indies-the Dutch West India Co. bought Manhattan Island from the Indians, established New Amsterdam <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Swedes planted a colony on the Delaware River; it faded away <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">English regarded Dutch as intruders, Peter Stuyvesant surrenders the city that became New York (after the Duke of York) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) arose and were offensive to religious and civil authorities- took no oaths, refused military service. William Penn was granted land in the New World, sought to change the name “Pennsylvania” and advertised, treated Natives fairly and regime was liberal <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Quakers disliked black slavery, Pennsylvania was ethnically diverse and grew quickly, although Penn was never fully appreciated <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Middle colonies- New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania- fertile soil, known as the “bread colonies,” intermediate in size, ethnically mixed, and religiously tolerant <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Benjamin Franklin arrived in Philadelphia, age 17 in 1720, and the colonies were thriving