JH-Chapter+3

__Chapter 3: Northern Colonies__ I. The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritans a. After the Protestant Reformation, a new denomination of Christians called the Puritans grew discontent in England. b. Eventually some formed a group known as the Separatists, who were harassed by James I. II. The Pilgrims Come to Plymouth a. Separatists, after twelve years of living in Holland, left on the Mayflower for New England n 1620. b. Upon arrival, they drew up the Mayflower Compact. c. A terrible winter cost them nearly two-thirds of their people. III. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth a. In 1627, persecuted Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company. IV. Building the Bay Colony a. Only “freemen” had the right to vote. b. Religious leaders like John Cotton had great, but limited, sway. c. Puritans took work, doctrine (and heresy), and spirituality very seriously. V. Trouble in Bible Commonwealth a. Anne Hutchinson defied the idea of submitting to the law—God’s or man’s. b. She was banished for the heresy of claiming her ideas came directly from God. VI. The Rhode Island “Sewer” a. Roger Williams was banished Rhode Island, which he made one of the freest colonies. b. Freedoms there included: religious, suffrage, and worship. VII. New England Spreads Out a. New colonies sprang up along the Connecticut River, such as Hartford and New Haven. VIII. Puritans versus Indians a. Squanto helped Plymouth pilgrims have peace with Indians. b. Conflict in 1637 nearly eradicated the Pequot tribe. c. King Philip’s War: Spain helped Indians fight back English settlers. IX. Seeds of Colonial Unity a. In 1643, four Puritan colonies united as the New England Confederation. b. This was ignored by England until Charles II. X. Andros Promotes First American Revolution a. England created the Dominion of New England in 1686. b. This strengthened the navigation laws. c. Sir Edmund Andros incensed colonists, until the Dominion fell after England’s Glorious Revolution. XI. Old Netherlands at New Netherland a. The Dutch Republic and its East India Trading Company prosper. b. They establish New Netherland and New Amsterdam (which later became New York City). XII. Friction between English and Swedish Neighbors a. New England and Indians resented the Dutch expansion. b. At the same time, the Dutch successfully stopped the Swede expansion. XIII. Dutch Residents in New York a. The English soon took over Amsterdam, making it New York. b. Many Dutch names and customs, however, still remain. XIV. Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania a. William Penn became a fervent Quaker and hoped to make the New World a safe haven for persecuted Quakers. XV. Quaker Pennsylvania and its Neighbors a. Penn established his colony in 1681. b. The Quakers were at peace with the Indians. c. Soon the Quakers spread out to New and West New Jersey. d. The Quaker colonies flourished. XVI. The Middle Way in Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania) a. Grain was a key export. One of their greatest children was Benjamin Franklin, who became one of the future country’s greatest patriots.