JC+Chapter+Five+Notes

Chapter Five -by 1775 2.5 million people in 13 colonies. .5 million were black and the average age was 16 -90% of people lived in rural areas-only 4 cities-Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Charleston -150,000 Germans in 1775 heavily populated PA, most kept speaking German -175,000 Scot-Irish. Not wanted by Irish Catholics because Scottish Presbyterianism. Irish did not want Scot’s. English government put many restrictions on Scot’s. Scot-Irish were independent frontiersmen who had dislike of government and laws. -Out of 56 signers of Declaration of Independence (1776) 18 non English and 8 were not born in the colonies -Could change social classes in America-rare in England -2 indentured servants became signers of the Declaration of Independence -50,000 convicts shipped from London -Doctors would “bleed people” and make them eat toads to “cure them” -Best job-Christian ministry -Lawyers were looked down upon as troublemakers -Traded slaves for run and molasses -Fishing, farming, commerce, and manufacturing, carpentry, timbering, house hold sewing -1/3 of British merchant marines were American built -America started to look to trade with other countries to get what they need. -Molasses Act (1773) said no trade with French West Indies -Roads were bad, traveling hard. News of Declaration of Independence reached Charleston from Philadelphia 29 days after 4th of July. -Taverns became popular on roads and in cities -Mid 1700’s Postal Service-very slow-mail carriers would read letters -Anglican Church-Church of England not very strong viewpoints. Congregational-more formal, based off Puritans church, some colonists remained independent -Religious views were changing, beginning not to believe in predestination. -People felt they did not have to convert to be member of church -“Great Awakening” 1730’s to 1740’s questioned religion -Brought America together and more religious -Puritan New England wanted education for all children so they could read the bible -New England had some good schools and many graduated from English universities -Children were disciplined by being whipped and independent thinking wasn’t good -College was important to train ministers -Around 200 people per college class. Boys was young as 11 in Harvard -Artists were ridiculed in the New World; many had to go over seas for appreciation and to make money off of work -Most famous writer-Benjamin Franklin “1st civilized American” he also invented things like light bulb and bifocals. -had operated printing presses made books and pamphlets easy -1734 Peter Zenger tried for printing “false” things- not guilty by jury. -1775- 8 colonies Royal governors appointed by King 3 under proprietors (chose governors themselves) and 2 elected own governors under self governing charters -Government 2 house legislative body. Upper-appointed by king lower- chose by people (who were land owners) -People got governors to vote their way by withholding their salaries -County government-south; town meeting government- New England; in between- middle colonies -Past times varied in the north and south -Beginning of democracy-already much more democratic than England