JH-Chapter+2

__Chapter 2: Beginning Colonization__ I. England’s Imperial Stirrings a. Rivalry between Catholic Spain and Protestant England increased during the second half of the 16th century. b. Conflict in Ireland intensified this as well. II. Elizabeth Energizes England a. Elizabeth I supported the plundering of English “sea dogs” such as Francis Drake. b. The first English attempts at colonization included Newfoundland and Roanoke. These were unsuccessful. c. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English brought about the beginning of the end for Spanish exploration. III. England on the Eve of Empire a. A population boom and economic depression contributed to desire for immigration to the New World. b. England makes peace with Spain in the early 1600s. IV. England Plants the Jamestown Seeding a. King James I approved the Virginia Company. b. The Company’s three ships sailed in 1606 to what became Jamestown. c. Capt. John Smith was primarily responsible for preventing the fall of Virginia, with the help of Pocahontas. d. Many colonists died. V. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake a. Powhatan tried numerous times to drive the Virginians out, but was eventually defeated. b. This was caused by disease, as well as the disorganization and disposability of the Indians. VI. The Indian’s New World a. Indians moved to the Great Plains in the 18th century. b. Disease ravaged both population and civilizations. c. Indians developed a desire to trade for firearms. VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco a. John Rolfe helped the tobacco industry flourish, saving Virginia’s economy. b. Soon, African slaves were employed in the fields. c. James I grew increasingly wary of the new colony. VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven a. Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore to protect Roman Catholics from persecution. b. It thrived in tobacco like Virginia. IX. The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America a. England took over many of the West Indies in early 1600s. b. Tobacco (poor man’s crop) and sugar cane (rich man’s crop) were predominant in plantations. c. Many African slaves were the laborers. X. Colonizing the Carolinas a. Civil war in England paused colonization in the 1640s. b. The Carolinas were set up as aristocratic colonies. c. Slaves and rice became the primary exports. d. Charlestown became the South’s major seaport. XI. The Emergence of North Carolina a. Many poor settlers migrated from Virginia and South Carolina. b. They were seen as vulgar and rebellious. XII. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony a. Georgia became the last colony in 1733. b. It was an English buffer to more important colonies. c. Georgia was not as successful as the other colonies. XIII. The Plantation Colonies a. These were characterized by much land, some slavery, some religious tolerance, and lots of tobacco and rice.