MJ+Chapter+3+Notes

Chapter 3 A group of Separatists were being persecuted in Europe and were able to find refuge in America. The Pilgrims arrived in New England with 102 people in 1620. The Pilgrims’ first winter nearly wiped them out; only 44 of the original 102 survived it. The Mayflower Compact was signed by 41 adult males prior to leaving Europe. It is considered the first constitution signed in America. Fall of 1621 brought a bountiful harvest as well as the first Thanksgiving. By 1691, Plymouth was still an obscure colony of 7,000 and merged with its giant neighbor, the Massachusetts Bay Colony. With John Winthrop as governor, the Massachusetts Bay Colony became the largest and most influential of the New England Outposts. In 1638, Anne Hutchinson is banished for questioning the Puritan doctrine of Predestination. Roger Williams challenged the Bay Colony for not fully compensating the Indians and denying the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior. Disease ravaged the New England Indians as well, nearly ¾ of them died from diseases contracted through English Fishermen. In 1621, the Wampanoag tribe and the English signed a Peace Treaty. Hostility erupted between the English Settlers and the local Pequot Indian tribe in 1637. Through 1675 and 1676, 52 Puritan towns had been attacked and twelve of them were completely annihilated. In 1643, four colonies – the Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and Valley Colonies – joined forces to become the New England Confederation. The Middle Colonies – New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania – had many common features including fertile soil and the production of bread from heavy grain exports. An impressive amount of industry sprung up in the Middle colonies. The Middle Colonies also had a much more ethnically mixed population as well as a much more tolerant population. Benjamin Franklin was a product of the Middle Colonies. Transportation and communication were improving as well during his time. Soon Americans realized that Mother England was not necessary for them to survive.