IS-Chapter+4+Notes

Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century 1607-1692  · Malaria, dysentery, and typhoid fever killed many settlers (1/2 by age 20, men by 50, and women by 40) · Young men made up the majority of the population, most could not find mates- families were destroyed by deaths · Chesapeake colonies grew with more women and immunity to diseases, Chesapeake Bay produced enormous amounts of tobacco · Indentured servants left England to work for Chesapeake masters. Headright system: paid passage of a laborer= 50 acres of land, masters benefit · Freedom dues- corn, clothes, land after servitude · Nathaniel Bacon: led rebellion against Virginia governor William Berkley, who was friendly with Indians. Attacked Indians, torched the capital. Bacon dies, Berkley hangs rebels · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Rising wages in England in 1680s= less indentured servants, in 1698 the Royal African Company loses its charter, supply of slaves rises <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Slaves came form the west coast of Africa, a few gained freedom, but racism became evident with new laws- slave codes making blacks and their children the property for life of their white masters <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Rice and indigo plantations in deep South- slave life was especially severe. Life was less severe on tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region- slaves created families, blending African and American cultures <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Slaves desired freedom and revolted (New York City, 1712; South Carolina, 1739) without effect or impact <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Great Planters ruled economically and politically- leaders of Virginia legislature came from first families of Virginia (before 1690) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Below the planters socially were the small farmers, then the landless whites, then the indentured servants, and finally the black slaves <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Southern life revolved around plantations- roads were bad and cities were few <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Clean water, cool temperatures in New England equal seventy year life spans, population grew as women had children- families were stable, mothers raised the children, grandparents offered guidance <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Women in the South retained property rights, while women of New England gave up theirs when they married; however, women were protected from abuse <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Divorce was extremely rare- abandonment and adultery were permissible grounds for divorce <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Towns grew as proprietors distributed land in an orderly fashion, ½ of adults could read and write <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Puritans in Massachusetts established Harvard College in 1636, ran churches and democratic government, yet the Half-Way Covenant of 1662 eliminated spiritual purity with the rise of Jeremiads <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Social/religious unrest resulted in the deaths of twenty girls believed to be witches (Salem, Massachusetts; 1692) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Rocky soil in New England, as well as extremes of temperature encouraged a diversified agriculture and industry <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Woodlands were cleared for livestock, and New Englanders gained knowledge of shipbuilding and commerce, as well as of gold mining in the codfish lode off the coast of Newfoundland <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Upper-class settlers tried to create a social class in the colonies, ultimately failing when met by democratic forces