JC+Chapter+Three+Notes

Chapter Three -Religion shaped early settlements in north -1517 Martin Luther started Protestant Reformation -John Calvin- Calvinism-1536-predestination -Puritans believed “visible saints” (people who felt the stirrings of grace in their souls and demonstrate it to others) had to sit w/ other “dammed” people in church, so puritans broke away. -Chose Plymouth bay to land ship but as squatters. -Mayflower compact-agreement, not constitution. -Winter 1620-1621 only 44 out of 102 survived. -1629 non-separatist Puritans left England went to MA and West Indies -Puritans inner governments ruled by “freemen” (mostly property owners only) -“Government made to enforce God’s laws” All citizens had to pay taxes for church. -John Cotton-defended government-went to MA because he criticized Church of England -“Protestant ethnic”-involved serious work and engagement in worldly pursuits -Quakers who didn’t listen to the Puritans were fined heavily and banished. -Anne Hutchinson-said no point in obeying laws since there was predestination-banished-went to New York and killed by Indians -Roger Williams-questioned Puritan Government- avoided exiliation by going to Rohde Island with help of Indians- opened Baptist Church with religious freedom. -Rhode Island official in 1644 -Fundamental orders-constitution. Colonial charter and state constitution borrowed parts. -1679 New Hampshire becomes a royal colony -Wampanoag chief signed treaty with Pilgrims 1621 and helped celebrate thanksgiving -Indians began to attack English. 1675-1676 in one year, 52 towns attacked and 12 destroyed. -New England Confederation- everyone 2 votes, MA did not approve. 2 MA colonies, 2 CN colonies, New Haven and other scattered -Since royal orde3rs were ignored, King gave more power to Connecticut an Rhode Island and revoked Bay Colony’s Charter -Sir Edmond Andros-cracked down on English laws from Dominion of New England including heavy restrictions on courts, press, and schools. -William III and Wife Mary “Glorious Revolution” got rid of Andros and gave MA charter back. Instead of church members voting, only land owners now. -English officials-appointed by king- not qualified -Dutch East and West India Companies very powerful. -Dutch built on Hudson River and wanted Manhattan around 1624 -New Netherlands took New Sweden into their colony -American colonies wanted to kick them out but not MA -Charles II gave land to the Duke of York. Dutch surrendered to England and it was renamed New York. -Dutch left large impact on colonies to this day Brooklyn, Harlem, architecture and beliefs (like Santa Claus) -Quakers different views-no oaths, refused to pay taxes to Church of England, said what they waned little meetinghouses. -Many Quakers were persecuted and died of cruel treatment -Pennsylvania named after William Penn’s father advertised and many immigrants showed up. PA was very liberal. -Quakers in Pennsylvania 3rd biggest colony. VA and MA bigger -Penn became friendly with Catholic James II charged with treason died in debtors jail of a stroke -Delaware granted own assembly in 1703 under governor of PA -Middle colonies had religious toleration and fell into the middle of government liberalness and industry -1720’s people were creating own town government -Benjamin Franklin came to Philadelphia 1720 -Colonies are thriving