AH+Chapter+1

// New World Beginnings //// (33,000 B.C. – A.D. 1769) // __ The Shaping of North America __ __ Peopling the Americas __ __ First Discoverers of the New World __ __ Exploration of Africa __ __ Columbus Finds the New World __ __ Effects of New World Discovery __ __ The Columbian Exchange __ · From the New World to the Old World- gold, silver, corn, potatoes, pineapple, tomatoes, beans, vanilla, chocolate, syphilis · From the Old World to the New World- wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, small pox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever · Africa to the New World- slave labor __ Spanish Conquest __
 * Chapter 1 **
 * North America’s shape/landscape was formed about 10 millions of years ago by glaciers. Some examples of theses land forms are the Rockies and Appalachian Mountains, formed during the Great Ice Age 2 million years ago.
 * When glaciers formed the sea level dropped → exposed a bridge from Serbia to Alaska that the 1st Native Americans walked across
 * When glaciers melted the sea level rose → covers the bridge again
 * 1492, 50 million people in North America
 * About 1,00 A.D. Scandinavian sailors discovered parts of Canada
 * Started settlements, but it was not supported and were abandoned
 * After the crusades Asian goods became popular in Europe and very expansive because the “middle man” were used in their trading →t exploration westward for a new trading route to get rid of the “middle man”
 * Before 1450, sailors could only go to the west going along the coast of Africa, but not back (because of the wind) → Portuguese invented the Caravel (boat) that solved that problem
 * Traveling around Africa led to the purchases of Africa
 * Supported by the monarchy to find a new route to the Indies
 * *October 12, 1492* landed in the Bahamas
 * His landing in the Bahamas instead of the Indies created a new economic system, which was: Europe-markets, Africa-slaves, New World- raw materials
 * Ecosystem- fragile, naturally evolved networks among organisms in a stable environment
 * New World crops (maize, beans, tobacco) changed European diets and helped population
 * Old World crops (horses) were introduced to the New World, horses changed Native American hunters/gathers in the plains
 * 1500’s, Spain was an exploration power
 * Cortѐs (conquistador) conquered a lot of Mexico and by 1743 controlled Mexico, parts of Southern America and parts of Western South Africa
 * Led to other nations to start exploring, like the English started to Explore Northeastern North America