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Chapter 1 The Earliest Americans- · 5000 B.C. hunter gatherers in highland Mexico developed a wild grass into corn, which became their staff of life and foundation of the Aztec and Inca nation-status. · The Mound Builders of the Ohio River valley and the Anasazi peoples sustained large settlements after the incorpation of corn during the 1st millennium A. D. Indirect Discoveries of the New World- · Norse seafarers from Scandinavia reached the northeastern shoulder of North America around 1000 A.D. ·  Other Europeans with the power of ambitions governments behind them sought to reach the wider world, for conquest or trade. · European consumers and distributors were eager to find a shorter and less expensive route for the riches of Asia. Europeans Enter Africa- · Sailors didn’t want to cross the Southern part of Africa because of the strong winds that delayed their journey. · About 1450, Portuguese mariners overcame those obstacles. They had discovered that they could return to Europe by sailing northwesterly from the African coast toward the Azous. Trade Routes with the East- <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Goods on the early routes passed through so many hands along the way that their ultimate sources were unknown. The Spread of Spanish America- <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Within a half a century of Columbus’s landfall, hundreds of Spanish cities and towns flourished in the Americas, especially in Peru and Mexico. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The Roman Catholic mission became the central institution in colonial New Mexico until an Indian uprising called Pope’s Rebellion in 1680. The Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed hundreds of settlers. Some refuges established in Texas, including one in San Antonio, later known as the Alamo.

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